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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Prognosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment in General Practice: Results of the German AgeCoDe Study

Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Marion Eisele, Birgitt Wiese, Jana Prokein, Melanie Luppa, Tobias Luck, Frank Jessen, Horst Bickel, Edelgard Mösch, Michael Pentzek, Angela Fuchs, Sandra Eifflaender-Gorfer, Siegfried Weyerer, Hans-Helmut König, Christian Brettschneider, Hendrik van den Bussche, Wolfgang Maier, Martin Scherer, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller and The Study on Aging, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe) Study Group
The Annals of Family Medicine March 2014, 12 (2) 158-165; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1596
Hanna Kaduszkiewicz
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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  • For correspondence: kaduszkiewicz@allgemeinmedizin.uni-kiel.de
Marion Eisele
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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  • For correspondence: m.eisele@uke.uni-hamburg.de
Birgitt Wiese
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Jana Prokein
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Melanie Luppa
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Tobias Luck
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Frank Jessen
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Horst Bickel
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Edelgard Mösch
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Michael Pentzek
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Angela Fuchs
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Sandra Eifflaender-Gorfer
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Siegfried Weyerer
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Hans-Helmut König
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Christian Brettschneider
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Hendrik van den Bussche
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Wolfgang Maier
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Martin Scherer
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (Kaduszkiewicz, Eisele, van den Bussche, Scherer); Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Wiese, Prokein); Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kaduszkiewicz); Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany (Luppa, Luck, Riedel-Heller); Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany (Jessen, Maier); Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Germany (Bickel, Mösch); Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (Pentzek, Fuchs); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Eifflaender-Gorfer, Weyerer); Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (König, Brettschneider); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Maier, Jessen).
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Abstract

PURPOSE The concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has recently been introduced into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as mild neurocognitive disorder, making it a formal diagnosis. We investigated the prognostic value of such a diagnosis and analyzed the determinants of the future course of MCI in the AgeCoDe study (German Study on Ageing, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients).

METHODS We recruited 357 patients with MCI aged 75 years or older from primary care practices and conducted follow-up with interviews for 3 years. Depending on the course of impairment over time, the patients were retrospectively split into 4 groups representing remittent, fluctuating, stable, and progressive courses of MCI. We performed ordinal logistic regression analysis and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.

RESULTS Overall, 41.5% of the patients had remission of symptoms with normal cognitive function 1.5 and 3 years later, 21.3% showed a fluctuating course, 14.8% had stable symptoms, and 22.4% had progression to dementia. Patients were at higher risk for advancing from one course to the next along this spectrum if they had symptoms of depression, impairment in more than 1 cognitive domain, or more severe cognitive impairment, or were older. The result on a test of the ability to learn and reproduce new material 10 minutes later was the best indicator at baseline for differentiating between remittent and progressive MCI. Symptoms of depression modified the prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS In primary care, about one-quarter of patients with MCI have progression to dementia within the next 3 years. Assessments of memory function and depressive symptoms are helpful in predicting a progressive vs a remittent course. When transferring the concept of MCI into clinical diagnostic algorithms (eg, DSM-5), however, we should not forget that three-quarters of patients with MCI stayed cognitively stable or even improved within 3 years. They should not be alarmed unnecessarily by receiving such a diagnosis.

  • mild cognitive impairment
  • primary care
  • dementia
  • Alzheimer disease
  • disease course
  • prognosis
  • practice-based research
  • Received for publication December 5, 2012.
  • Revision received May 23, 2013.
  • Accepted for publication July 26, 2013.
  • © 2014 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
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The Annals of Family Medicine: 12 (2)
The Annals of Family Medicine: 12 (2)
Vol. 12, Issue 2
March/April 2014
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Prognosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment in General Practice: Results of the German AgeCoDe Study
Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Marion Eisele, Birgitt Wiese, Jana Prokein, Melanie Luppa, Tobias Luck, Frank Jessen, Horst Bickel, Edelgard Mösch, Michael Pentzek, Angela Fuchs, Sandra Eifflaender-Gorfer, Siegfried Weyerer, Hans-Helmut König, Christian Brettschneider, Hendrik van den Bussche, Wolfgang Maier, Martin Scherer, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, The Study on Aging, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe) Study Group
The Annals of Family Medicine Mar 2014, 12 (2) 158-165; DOI: 10.1370/afm.1596

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Prognosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment in General Practice: Results of the German AgeCoDe Study
Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Marion Eisele, Birgitt Wiese, Jana Prokein, Melanie Luppa, Tobias Luck, Frank Jessen, Horst Bickel, Edelgard Mösch, Michael Pentzek, Angela Fuchs, Sandra Eifflaender-Gorfer, Siegfried Weyerer, Hans-Helmut König, Christian Brettschneider, Hendrik van den Bussche, Wolfgang Maier, Martin Scherer, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, The Study on Aging, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe) Study Group
The Annals of Family Medicine Mar 2014, 12 (2) 158-165; DOI: 10.1370/afm.1596
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Subjects

  • Domains of illness & health:
    • Chronic illness
    • Mental health
    • Disease pathophysiology / etiology
  • Person groups:
    • Older adults
  • Methods:
    • Quantitative methods

Keywords

  • mild cognitive impairment
  • primary care
  • dementia
  • Alzheimer disease
  • disease course
  • prognosis
  • practice-based research

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