Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Current Issue
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Early Access
    • Multimedia
    • Podcast
    • Collections
    • Past Issues
    • Articles by Subject
    • Articles by Type
    • Supplements
    • Plain Language Summaries
    • Calls for Papers
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Job Seekers
    • Media
  • About
    • Annals of Family Medicine
    • Editorial Staff & Boards
    • Sponsoring Organizations
    • Copyrights & Permissions
    • Announcements
  • Engage
    • Engage
    • e-Letters (Comments)
    • Subscribe
    • Podcast
    • E-mail Alerts
    • Journal Club
    • RSS
    • Annals Forum (Archive)
  • Contact
    • Contact Us
  • Careers

User menu

  • My alerts

Search

  • Advanced search
Annals of Family Medicine
  • My alerts
Annals of Family Medicine

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Current Issue
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Early Access
    • Multimedia
    • Podcast
    • Collections
    • Past Issues
    • Articles by Subject
    • Articles by Type
    • Supplements
    • Plain Language Summaries
    • Calls for Papers
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Job Seekers
    • Media
  • About
    • Annals of Family Medicine
    • Editorial Staff & Boards
    • Sponsoring Organizations
    • Copyrights & Permissions
    • Announcements
  • Engage
    • Engage
    • e-Letters (Comments)
    • Subscribe
    • Podcast
    • E-mail Alerts
    • Journal Club
    • RSS
    • Annals Forum (Archive)
  • Contact
    • Contact Us
  • Careers
  • Follow annalsfm on Twitter
  • Visit annalsfm on Facebook
Research ArticleBehavioral, psychosocial, and mental illness

The role of visualization, previous help-seeking, and intentions to seek help from a PCP for depression:An outcome evaluation

Amanda Keeler
The Annals of Family Medicine November 2024, 22 (Supplement 1) 6844; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.22.s1.6844
Amanda Keeler
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Abstract

Context: Despite primary care providers’ (PCPs) ability to effectively treat depression, encouraging individuals to seek and return to treatment is challenging. As a behavioral strategy, mental contrasting and implementation intentions (MCII) use imagery to create action plans to overcome barriers to achieve goals. Recently, an online pilot study found that completing an MCII increased self-reported help-seeking (HS) and HS intentions (HSI) compared to an information-only control (IC) among individuals with depression who were not seeking professional help at Time 1 (T1). Although encouraging, the previous analyses failed to explore outcomes directly related to PCP HSI. ObjecConduct an outcome evaluation exploring the relationships among the effects of condition, ability to visualize HS, previous professional HS, and PCP HSI at T2.

Study Design: Outcome evaluation of RCT comparing HS and C using pre-post design (2 weeks).

Setting: MTurk online cloud research toolkit (Feb-March 2020). Adults with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score ≤ 14 (mild depressive symptoms) and who were not seeking professional help at baseline.

Intervention: Published online MCII intervention.

Outcome Measures: PCP HSI from General HS Questionnaire.

Secondary: BDI-II, T1 SIIS HS Scale (visualization), and demographics.

Results: Of the 2134 participants prescreened for depression and professional HS, 228 were eligible (37.2±12.1 yrs, 65% F, 67% white, BDI=24.3±9.1; no significant baseline differences. N=83 reported HS, n=24 from a professional. Random assignment to a group alone did not significantly affect PCP HSI T2 scores (t226=1.14, P>.05) or professional HS (t226=-.9, P>.05). The final HLM model of the data (X2(8)=4.7, p=.9) included three significant 2-way interactions: between PCP HSI x SIIS scores, PCP HSI x past HS, and group x SIIS, indicating importance of measuring visualization of plan formation via the SIIS beyond group assignment (all p<.05).

Conclusions: The results indicated that regardless of receiving information alone or completing the MCII, individuals with previous professional HS experience and those who were able to visualize their HS plan more vividly (via the SIIS) had higher PCP HSI. Although more research is needed, the positive benefits of visualizing an HS plan were not mutually exclusive to those assigned to the MCII intervention, indicating a potential cheap and accessible area for streamlined interventions within PC to encourage re/entry to care.

  • © 2024 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc. For the private, noncommercial use of one individual user of the Web site. All other rights reserved.
Previous
Back to top

In this issue

The Annals of Family Medicine: 22 (Supplement 1)
The Annals of Family Medicine: 22 (Supplement 1)
Vol. 22, Issue Supplement 1
20 Nov 2024
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Annals of Family Medicine.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
The role of visualization, previous help-seeking, and intentions to seek help from a PCP for depression:An outcome evaluation
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Annals of Family Medicine
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Annals of Family Medicine web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
5 + 3 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
The role of visualization, previous help-seeking, and intentions to seek help from a PCP for depression:An outcome evaluation
Amanda Keeler
The Annals of Family Medicine Nov 2024, 22 (Supplement 1) 6844; DOI: 10.1370/afm.22.s1.6844

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Get Permissions
Share
The role of visualization, previous help-seeking, and intentions to seek help from a PCP for depression:An outcome evaluation
Amanda Keeler
The Annals of Family Medicine Nov 2024, 22 (Supplement 1) 6844; DOI: 10.1370/afm.22.s1.6844
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Exploring the Relationship Between Racial Microaggressions and Substance Use, and Healthcare Interactions in Asian Americans
  • Interview Time as a Proxy for the Racism Experienced by Black and Latino Physicians in the US.
  • "Investigating White Culture": a Phenomenological Study on How Culture Shapes Behavioral Health Processes in Primary Care
Show more Behavioral, psychosocial, and mental illness

Similar Articles

Content

  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues
  • Early Access
  • Plain-Language Summaries
  • Multimedia
  • Podcast
  • Articles by Type
  • Articles by Subject
  • Supplements
  • Calls for Papers

Info for

  • Authors
  • Reviewers
  • Job Seekers
  • Media

Engage

  • E-mail Alerts
  • e-Letters (Comments)
  • RSS
  • Journal Club
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Subscribe
  • Family Medicine Careers

About

  • About Us
  • Editorial Board & Staff
  • Sponsoring Organizations
  • Copyrights & Permissions
  • Contact Us
  • eLetter/Comments Policy

© 2025 Annals of Family Medicine