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Research ArticleOriginal Research

A Longitudinal Study of Trends in Burnout During Primary Care Transformation

Kevin Grumbach, Margae Knox, Beatrice Huang, Hali Hammer, Coleen Kivlahan and Rachel Willard-Grace
The Annals of Family Medicine August 2019, 17 (Suppl 1) S9-S16; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2406
Kevin Grumbach
1Center for Excellence in Primary Care, Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
MD
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  • For correspondence: kevin.grumbach@ucsf.edu
Margae Knox
1Center for Excellence in Primary Care, Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
MPH
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Beatrice Huang
1Center for Excellence in Primary Care, Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
BA
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Hali Hammer
2San Francisco Health Network and Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
MD
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Coleen Kivlahan
3UCSF Health and Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
MD, MSPH
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Rachel Willard-Grace
1Center for Excellence in Primary Care, Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
MPH
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    Figure 1

    Trends in burnout among SFHN clinicians and staff.

    SFHN = San Francisco Health Network.

    Notes: The figure shows mean emotional exhaustion and cynicism scores by year. Higher scores indicate a higher level of burnout. The P values are from regression models using year as the primary predictor, controlling for tenure of employment and full- vs part-time status at the clinic, and adjusting for clustering of individuals who responded to more than 1 survey wave.

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    Figure 2

    Trends in burnout among UCSF Health clinicians and staff.

    UCSF = University of California San Francisco.

    Notes: The figure shows mean emotional exhaustion and cynicism scores by year. Higher scores indicate a higher level of burnout. The P values are from regression models using year as the primary predictor, controlling for tenure of employment and full vs part time status at the clinic and adjusting for clustering of individuals who responded to more than 1 survey wave.

Tables

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    Table 1

    Examples of Building Block Elements Implemented by Both the SFHN and UCSF Health

    Building Block ElementExample
    Engaged leadershipPrimary care service lines led by executive medical and administrative/nursing directors teams, regular staff and clinician meetings, Lean management including daily huddles, formal leadership training for some clinic managers
    Data-driven improvementPerformance dashboards regularly provided at the clinic and individual PCC levels, transparent posting of dashboards in clinics
    EmpanelmentAll patients formally empaneled with a PCC, panel sizes computed for each PCC and adjusted for patient complexity, panel size targets adjusted for clinical FTE effort
    Team-based careBehavioral health integration or coordination, scribes for some PCCs, complex care teams, pharmacists at some sites
    Patient-team partnershipPatient advisory councils at most clinics
    Population managementRegistries and panel management to close preventive and chronic care gaps
    Prompt access to careCall centers, modified scheduling templates to improve access, active management of new patient appointment scheduling
    • FTE = full-time equivalent; PCC = primary care clinician; SFHN = San Francisco Health Network; UCSF = University of California San Francisco.

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    Table 2

    Survey Respondent Characteristics, 2018

    CharacteristicClinicians
    (n = 215)
    Staff
    (n = 397)
    System, No. (%)
     SFHN112 (52.1)249 (62.7)
     UCSF103 (47.9)128 (37.3)
    Position, No. (%)
     Physician170 (80.2)…
     Nurse practitioner, physician assistant42 (19.8)…
     Nurse (RN or LVN)…84 (21.1)
     Medical assistant…123 (30.9)
     Front office/clerical…112 (28.1)
     Behavioral health…33 (8.3)
     Other…46 (11.6)
    Tenure at time of survey, No. (%)
     <1 y10 (9.0)42 (17.2)
     1-5 y138 (64.0)138 (56.6)
     >5 y30 (27.0)64 (26.2)
    Patient care sessions per week, No. (%)
     1-2 half-days80 (37.6)…
     3-5 half-days87 (40.1)…
     ≥6 half-days46 (21.6)…
    Work status, No. (%)
     Full time (>20 hours/week)…362 (94.3)
     Part time (<20 hours/week)…22 (5.7)
    • LVN = licensed vocational nurse; RN = registered nurse; SFHN = San Francisco Health Network; UCSF = University of California San Francisco.

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The Annals of Family Medicine: 17 (Suppl 1)
The Annals of Family Medicine: 17 (Suppl 1)
Vol. 17, Issue Suppl 1
August 2019
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A Longitudinal Study of Trends in Burnout During Primary Care Transformation
Kevin Grumbach, Margae Knox, Beatrice Huang, Hali Hammer, Coleen Kivlahan, Rachel Willard-Grace
The Annals of Family Medicine Aug 2019, 17 (Suppl 1) S9-S16; DOI: 10.1370/afm.2406

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A Longitudinal Study of Trends in Burnout During Primary Care Transformation
Kevin Grumbach, Margae Knox, Beatrice Huang, Hali Hammer, Coleen Kivlahan, Rachel Willard-Grace
The Annals of Family Medicine Aug 2019, 17 (Suppl 1) S9-S16; DOI: 10.1370/afm.2406
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Subjects

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