Technology-Facilitated Abuse Prevalence and Associations Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Men

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Characteristics of and Technology-Facilitated Abuse Among Men Aged 18-35 Years (N = 1,079)

Measure	Value
Demographics
Age, mean (SD), y	26.5 (26.2-27.0)
Race and ethnicity, % (95% CI)
White non-Hispanic	57.6 (54.0-61.1)
Black non-Hispanic	11.6 (9.2-14.5)
Hispanic	21.9 (19.0-25.1)
Another non-Hispanic	7.1 (5.3-9.4)
Multiracial non-Hispanic	1.8 (1.1-3.0)
Education, % (95% CI)
<High school	14.5 (11.6-18.1)
High school	29.6 (26.4-33.0)
Some college	33.0 (29.9-36.3)
Bachelor’s degree or higher	22.9 (20.5-25.4)
Employed, % (95% CI)	69.7 (66.1-73.0)
Smartphone use
Owns a smartphone, % (95% CI)	65.3 (61.3-69.1)
Health service use
Primary care connection, % (95% CI)	59.6 (55.7-63.4)
Emergency department visits in past 2 years, % (95% CI)	22.3 (19.2-25.8)
Mental health care visits ever, % (95% CI)	28.2 (24.9-31.9)
Mental health problems and substance use
Depression, % (95% CI)^{^a}	11.3 (9.2-13.9)
Alcohol misuse, mean (SD) score^{^b}	3.6 (3.3-4.0)
Marijuana use, mean (SD) score^{^c}	0.6 (0.5-0.8)
Prescription opioid nonmedical use, mean (SD) score^{^c}	0.2 (0.1-0.2)
Technology-facilitated abuse^{^d}
Any delivered, % (95% CI)	29.8 (26.3-33.5)
Any received, % (95% CI)	33.6 (30.0-37.5)
Delivered only, % (95% CI)	4.1 (2.9-5.7)
Received only, % (95% CI)	8.0 (6.0-10.6)
Both delivered and received, % (95% CI)	25.6 (22.2-29.2)
None delivered or received, % (95% CI)	62.3 (58.4-66.0)

↵^aScore of greater than 2 on Patient Health Questionnaire-2.
↵^bOn a scale from 0 to 40, where higher scores denote greater misuse.
↵^cOn a scale from 0 to 6, where higher scores denote greater use.
↵^dBased on respondents’ report of having experience with any of 5 acts of abuse in the past year. See Methods.
Note: Data are weighted for the US population.

Table 2.

Multivariate Associations of Characteristics With TFA (N = 1,079)

Characteristic	TFA Delivered Only, AOR (95% CI)	TFA Received Only, AOR (95% CI)	TFA Both Delivered and Received, AOR (95% CI)
Demographics
Age: per year	1.05 (0.95-1.16)	0.94 (0.87-1.02)	0.96 (0.92-1.01)
Race/ethnicity^{^a}
Black non-Hispanic	1.02 (0.20-5.36)	1.19 (0.35-4.03)	2.83^{^b} (1.44-5.58)
Hispanic	2.72^{^c} (1.13-6.57)	2.55^{^c} (1.01-6.43)	1.53 (0.89-2.63)
Another non-Hispanic	1.95 (0.44-8.65)	2.95 (0.79-11.0)	2.54 (0.96-6.72)
Multiracial non-Hispanic	0.22 (0.02-3.21)	1.87 (0.61-5.72)	0.31 (0.07-1.43)
Education^{^d}
High school education	0.48 (0.12-1.86)	0.40 (0.06-2.55)	0.90 (0.33-2.47)
Some college	1.51 (0.44-5.20)	0.50 (0.08-2.94)	0.92 (0.33-2.52)
Bachelor’s degree or higher	1.36 (0.40-4.69)	0.72 (0.12-4.47)	0.77 (0.27-2.14)
Employed	4.25 (0.62-29.2)	1.04 (0.38-2.82)	1.61 (0.90-2.88)
Smartphone use
Owns a smartphone	0.72 (0.29-1.82)	0.70 (0.29-1.69)	1.80^{^b} (1.05-3.09)
Health service use
Primary care connection	0.83 (0.39-1.77)	0.43^{^b} (0.22-0.86)	1.19 (0.78-1.83)
Emergency department visits	0.83 (0.33-2.08)	1.14 (0.49-2.62)	1.49 (0.89-2.50)
Mental health care visits	0.71 (0.28-1.82)	0.95 (0.48-1.89)	1.86^{^b} (1.16-2.98)
Mental health problems and substance use
Depression	1.48 (0.49-4.40)	0.41 (0.09-1.85)	0.97 (0.45-2.10)
Alcohol misuse	1.00 (0.91-1.10)	1.06 (0.98-1.15)	1.10^{^e} (1.04-1.17)
Marijuana use	1.31^{^b} (1.02-1.68)	0.83 (0.64-1.07)	1.08 (0.94-1.24)
Prescription opioid non-medical use	2.86^{^c} (1.48-5.54)	2.43^{^c} (1.34-4.39)	1.79^{^b} (1.04-3.08)

AOR = adjusted odds ratio; TFA = technology-facilitated abuse.
↵^aReference group is White non-Hispanic.
↵^bP <.01.
↵^cP <.05.
↵^dReference group is less than high school.
↵^eP <.001.
Notes: Results of multinomial logistic regression analysis using no TFA as the reference category. Data are weighted for the US population.