Article Figures & Data
Tables
Family Composition Single-Family Households Multiple-Family Households PCS-12 = physicial component summary scale of the SF-12; MCS-12 = mental component summary scale of the SF-12. * In thousands of dollars rounded to the nearest thousand. Married, no kids, No. 11,905 2,520 Mean age, y (SD), range 55.1 (15.5), 18–91 54.7 (12.1), 18–91 Mean highest educational level, y (SD), range 13.5 (2.6), 6–19 12.8 (2.7) 6–19 Female, % (SD), range 50 50 Mean family income, $* (SD), range 50.0 (35.0), 0 to >151 47.0 (36), 0 to >151 Insurance, % None 5.3 9.9 Public 32.9 24.8 Private 61.9 65.2 Mean PCS-12 score (SD), range 48.2 (10.6), 10–67 47.0 (11.0), 11–67 Mean MCS-12 score (SD), range 53.9 (8.5), 12–72 53.0 (9.2), 12–71 Married with kids, No. 15,205 1,978 Mean age, y (SD), range 36.8 (9.2), 18–84 39.3 (11.9), 18–76 Mean highest educational level, y (SD), range 13.8 (2.5), 6–19 12.9 ( 2.6), 6–19 Female, % 50 50 Mean family income, $* (SD), range 59.0 (35.0), 0 to >151 53.0 (38), 0 to >151 Insurance, % None 9.3 16.8 Public 3.3 5.5 Private 87.5 77.7 Mean PCS-12 score (SD), range 51.9 (7.9), 11–69 50.4 (9.2), 11–68 Mean MCS-12 score (SD), range 52.5 (8.3), 9–71 52.0 (9.6), 11–70 Single with kids, No. 2,205 1,242 Mean age, y (SD), range 33.3 (9.9), 18–76 32.4 (9.6), 18–72 Mean highest educational level, y (SD), range 13.1 (2.2), 6–19 12.7 (2.1), 6–19 Female, % 80.0 77 Mean family income, $* (SD), range 28.0 (26.0), 0 to >151 23.0 (24), 0 to >151 Insurance, % None 17.5 25.4 Public 21.0 20.2 Private 61.5 54.4 Mean PCS-12 score (SD), range 50.2 (9.7), 11–68 50.3 (8.9), 14–66 Mean MCS-12 score (SD), range 49.0 (11.1), 9–70 49.8 (10.7), 12–68 Individual Family Family Composition Level-1 Var SE % Level- 2 Var SE % Var = variance; SE = Standard Error; SF-12 = Short Form-12. *Not significant. Single-family households Married, no kids 88.48 4.43 77.7 25.43 3.72 22.3 Married with kids 55.14 3.11 86.8 8.44 2.00 13.2 Single with kids 77.59 11.13 76.9 23.31 9.38 23.1 Multiple-family households Married, no kids 103.05 11.50 83.9 19.85 8.65 16.1 Married with kids 70.66 9.20 83.9 13.53 6.33 16.1 Single with kids 75.93 14.64 95.5 3.64 9.16 4.5* Individual Family Family Composition Level-1 Var SE % Level-2 Var SE % Var = variance; SE = Standard Error; SF-12 = Short Form-12. * Not significant. Single-family households Married, no kids 58.20 3.50 80.8 13.84 2.67 19.2 Married with kids 58.80 3.13 82.7 12.37 2.24 17.3 Single with kids 115.23 20.81 84.0 22.13 16.99 16.0* Multiple-family households Married, no kids 61.94 7.18 73.9 21.83 7.41 26.1 Married with kids 80.97 10.91 85.9 13.26 6.09 14.1 Single with kids 95.22 24.92 91.6 19.20 22.74 16.7* - Table 4.
Multilevel Regression Parameters (Regression Weight and SE) for SF-12 Physical Component Summary Scores Among Single-Family Households
Family Composition Intercept Age Years Income* Insurance Status† Level-2 Variance, % −2*logL‡ SF-12 = Short Form-12. * Income quintile, 1 = lowest, 5 = highest. † Insured. ‡ −2*LogL is a goodness-of-fit statistic. Smaller numbers indicate a better model fit. § Not significant. Married, no kids Model 1 48.05 (0.23) — — — 22.3 89,725 Model 2 58.11 (0.63) −0.18 (0.02) — — 16.2 88,942 Model 3 50.93 (1.10) −0.15 (0.02) 1.65 (0.15) — 12.5 88,510 Model 4 48.75 (1.30) −0.13 (0.02) 1.47 (0.20) 1.25 (0.42) 12.6 88,452 Married with kids Model 1 51.82 (0.16) — — — 13.2 105,957 Model 2 54.62 (0.62) −0.08 (0.02) — — 13.5 105,851 Model 3 51.06 (0.74) −0.10 (0.02) 1.28 (0.16) — 10.1 105,398 Model 4 50.65 (0.80) −0.11 (0.02) 1.19 (0.16) 0.44 (0.14) 9.9 105,376 Single with kids Model 1 49.62 (0.54) — — — 23.31 16,289 Model 2 53.91 (1.72) −0.13 (0.06 — — 22.05 16,257 Model 3 50.80 (1.73) −0.17 (0.06) 2.14 (0.42) — 8.8§ 16,141 Model 4 50.51 (1.88) −0.017 (0.06) 2.03 (0.46) 0.39 (1.62)§ 8.6§ 16,137 - Table 5.
Multilevel Regression Parameters (Regression Weight and SE) for SF-12 Mental Component Summary Scores Among Single-Family Households
Family Composition Intercept Age Years Income* Insurance Status† Level-2Variance, % −2*logL‡ SF-12 = Short Form-12. * Income quintile, 1 = lowest, 5 = highest. † Insured. ‡ −2*LogL is a goodness-of-fit statistic. Smaller numbers indicate a better model fit. § Not significant. Married, no kids Model 1 53.99 (0.18) — — — 19.8 84,438 Model 2 51.57 (0.65) 0.04 (0.01) — — 18.8 84,355 Model 3 48.35 (0.92) 0.06 (0.02) 0.75 (0.15) — 17.8 84,227 Model 4 47.56 (1.24) 0.06 (0.02) 0.68 (0.15) 0.44 (0.36)§ 17.7 84,219 Married with kids Model 1 52.47 (0.17) — — — 17.3 107,338 Model 2 51.70 (0.66) 0.02 (0.02)§ — — 17.4 107,321 Model 3 49.78 (0.81) 0.01 (0.02)§ 0.68 (0.16) — 16.5 107,216 Model 4 49.25 (0.94) 0.01 (0.02)§ 0.56 (0.18) 0.57 (0.34)§ 15.4 107,189 Single with kids Model 1 48.42 (0.70) — — — 16.0§ 16,889 Model 2 49.06 (2.50) −0.02 (0.06)§ — — 16.1 16,889 Model 3 47.15 (2.70) −0.04 (0.06)§ 1.23 (0.54) — 14.5 16,854 Model 4 46.42 (2.48) −0.04 (0.06)§ 0.99 (0.64) 0.85 (1.12) 13.5 16,844
Additional Files
The Article in Brief
Can family and community have a substantial influence on a person�s health? Yes, according to this study by Ferrer and colleagues. Based on the results of a telephone survey of 35,000 adults in 60 US cities, the study found that between 4.5% and 26.1% of individual health was influenced by the family. Aspects of the family environment can have positive or negative effects on health. These include quality of housing, neighborhood conditions, transportation, access to medical care, health beliefs and behaviors, physical environments, common stresses, and interpersonal relations.
