Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Integrated model of interventions evaluated by Prescription for Health projects.
Tables
4. More Intensive Assistance (Assist) PBRN 1. Identify Behaviors and Health Conditions (Assess) 2. Brief Advice/Training (Advise) 3. Goal Setting (Agree) Information Counseling Self-Management 5. Reinforcement, Follow-up (Arrange) Note: The contents of this table were reviewed and edited by investigators from each of the 17 Prescription for Health projects. *Interventions at GRIN practices varied and were determined and implemented individually by practices. 5 A’s = assess, advise, agree, assist, arrange; ACORN = Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network; APBRN = Alabama Practice Based Research Network; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; CaReNet = Colorado Research Network; CECH = Center to Enhance Child Health Network; CRN = University of California at San Francisco (UCSF)/Stanford Collaborative Research Network; COOP = Dartmouth-Northern New England COOP Project; GRIN = Great Lakes Research Into Practice Network; HPRN = High Plains Research Network; KAN = Kentucky Ambulatory Network; MAFPRN = Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians Research Network; MNCCRN = Midwest Nursing Centers Consortium Research Network; NECF = New England Clinicians Forum Practice-Based Research Network; NOPCRN = Northwest Ohio Primary Care Research Network; PBRN = practice-based research network; PDA = personal digital assistant; PitNet = Pediatric PitNet; PPRG = Pediatric Practice Research Group; PSARN = Pennsylvania State Ambulatory Research Network; RAP = Research Association of Practices; RN = registered nurse; VaPSRN = Virginia Practice Support and Research Network. ACORN Web-based behavior survey Brief Web-based counseling message Web database of community and behavior change resources APBRN PDA screening; assess BMI PDA-guided advice to change behavior PDA-guided goal setting; action plans Personalized handouts Health change facilitator Telephone follow-up by practice extender CECH PDA screening Action plans Stage-based counseling E-mail follow-up by health advisor based on action plan CRN Health behavior survey Menu for lifestyle change Action plans Telephone call 1 wk and 6 mo later COOP Vital sign questions from medical assistants; Web-and paper-based health assessment Brief advice Web site information tailored to patient responses Individual counseling, group visits, and referral to community services Self-management supported by automatic feedback to patient, feedback to clinician, and Web-based problem-solving module Telephone/e-mail follow-up by RNs; follow-up visits as indicated by responses to vital sign process or feedback from Web health assessment GRIN* Patient questionnaires; nurse screening; BMI and smoking status as vital signs; 5 A’s chart stickers; healthy weight wall chart Brief advice by physician; brief patient training by clinicians; exercise prescription Action plans Stage-tailored and need-specific educational materials, lists of local resources Referral to community services Quit kits; community services Telephone follow-up by nurses or community service HPRN, CaReNet Intake survey List of recommended behaviors Goals documented on prescription pads Feedback logs KAN “Willingness to change” survey; physician query Physician prescription/referral Mailed educational materials Scheduled longitudinal telephone counseling Faxed feedback to referring physician MAFPRN Standardized screening for tobacco use, physical activity, diet, risky drinking Brief motivational enhancement by health coach Print or online motivational information Telephone or Web-based motivational counseling Self-help guidebook; Web site; community resources and programs Telephone and e-mail follow-up by clinics; follow-up visits MNCCRN Assess diet, physical activity, and BMI Participation in wellness club recommended by advanced practice nurse Weekly written goals Written lesson plans for didactic sessions Support group; nutritionist-led didactic sessions; motivational videos Food diaries; pedometer counts Telephone follow-up by educator; health buddies; community activities (see Table 2) NECF Screening for tobacco use and risky screening Brief motivational interviewing by physician, nurse, physician assistant, medical assistant, or health educator Literature Follow-up visit NOPCRN Assess BMI, nutrition, and physical activity PDA-guided goal recommendation PDA-guided goal setting Pedometer; activity log Telephone follow-up by nurse-coordinator; biweekly nurse practice visits for weight and BP checks, pedometer downloads, and activity log assessment PitNet Assess BMI; parent perception survey Brief motivational interviewing Handouts and homework Health educator group sessions Self-monitoring books Telephone follow-up PPRG Wall chart; nutrition assessment Brief advice based on nutritional status and menu for lifestyle change Age- and nutritional status–specific handouts on health behaviors PSARN Assess BMI Educational bulletin board; educational materials Health change facilitator; decision balance exercise; other motivational techniques Self-help guidebook Health change facilitator follow-up in person, by telephone, by e-mail RAP Prescription Web database of community and behavior change resources VaPSRN Smoking, BMI, vital signs PDA tool to guide counseling Patient resources suggested by PDA software - Table 2.
Resources and Assistance Used in Prescription for Health Projects to Reach Out Beyond the Office
PBRN Resources and Assistance Note: The contents of this table were reviewed and edited by investigators from each of the 17 Prescription for Health projects. ACORN = Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network; APBRN = Alabama Practice Based Research Network; CaReNet = Colorado Research Network; CECH = Center to Enhance Child Health Network; CRN = University of California at San Francisco (UCSF)/Stanford Collaborative Research Network; COOP = Dartmouth-Northern New England COOP Project; GRIN = Great Lakes Research Into Practice Network; HPRN = High Plains Research Network; KAN = Kentucky Ambulatory Network; MAFPRN = Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians Research Network; MNCCRN = Midwest Nursing Centers Consortium Research Network; NECF = New England Clinicians Forum Practice-Based Research Network; NOPCRN = Northwest Ohio Primary Care Research Network; PBRN = practice-based research network; PDA = personal digital assistant; PitNet = Pediatric PitNet; PPRG = Pediatric Practice Research Group; PSARN = Pennsylvania State Ambulatory Research Network; RAP = Research Association of Practices; VaPSRN = Virginia Practice Support and Research Network. ACORN Patient access to Web-based information and linkage with community and practice resources APBRN Telephone contact by practice extender; personalized materials and referral to local resources CECH Copy of action plan; e-mail contact from health advisor based on action plan CRN Telephone follow-up COOP Web site interaction at home before or after visit; self-management; referral to community resources at schools, home/social services, lay volunteer programs; establish community health alliances GRIN Consultation assistance by nurse-consultants from health systems for self-selected systematic change in practice; many practices developed packets of educational materials tailored to targeted behaviors or stage of readiness, some including lists of local resources HPRN, CaReNet Goal “prescription”; feedback logs KAN Mailed educational material; telephone counseling MAFPRN Print or online motivational information, self-help guidebook; telephone or Web-based motivational counseling, referrals to community resources and programs, telephone and e-mail follow-up from clinics, follow-up visits MNCCRN Telephone reminders and follow-up; “health buddy,” food diaries, pedometers; organized visits to safe walking routes, fast food restaurants, super-markets, community exercise facilities, and food preparation classes NECF Patient education literature; referrals to community resources NOPCRN Pedometer; activity log; nurse surveillance visits; telephone follow-up PitNet Self-monitoring book; handouts; telephone follow-up PPRG Age- and nutritional status–specific handouts on health behaviors PSARN Educational materials; self-help guidebook; telephone or e-mail contact from nurse-educator; referral to community resources RAP Patient access to Web-based information and linkage with community and practice resources VaPSRN Patient resources suggested by PDA software
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