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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Exploring and Validating Patient Concerns: Relation to Prescribing for Depression

Ronald M. Epstein, Cleveland G. Shields, Peter Franks, Sean C. Meldrum, Mitchell Feldman and Richard L. Kravitz
The Annals of Family Medicine January 2007, 5 (1) 21-28; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.621
Ronald M. Epstein
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Cleveland G. Shields
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Peter Franks
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Sean C. Meldrum
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Mitchell Feldman
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Richard L. Kravitz
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Abstract

PURPOSE This study examined moderating effects of physician communication behaviors on relationships between patient requests for antidepressant medications and subsequent prescribing.

METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Primary care physicians (N = 152) each had 1 or 2 unannounced visits from standardized patients portraying the role of major depression or adjustment disorder. Each standardized patient made brand-specific, general, or no requests for antidepressants. We coded covert visit audio recordings for physicians’ exploration and validation of patient concerns (EVC). Effects of communication on prescribing (the main outcome) were evaluated using logistic regression analysis, accounting for clustering and for site, physician, and visit characteristics, and stratified by request type and standardized patient role.

RESULTS In the absence of requests, high-EVC visits were associated with higher rates of prescribing of antidepressants for major depression. In low-EVC visits, prescribing was driven by patient requests (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for request vs no request = 43.54, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69–1,120.87; P ≤ .005), not clinical indications (AOR for depression vs adjustment disorder = 1.82; 95% CI, 0.33–9.89; P = NS). In contrast, in high-EVC visits, prescribing was driven equally by requests (AOR = 4.02; 95% CI, 1.67–9.68; P ≤ .005) and clinical indications (AOR = 4.70; 95% CI, 2.18–10.16; P ≤ .005). More thorough history taking of depression symptoms did not mediate these results.

CONCLUSIONS Quality of care for depression is improved when patients participate more actively in the encounter and when physicians explore and validate patient concerns. Communication interventions to improve quality of care should target both physician and patient communication behaviors. Cognitive mechanisms that link patient requests and EVC to quality of care warrant further study.

  • Physician-patient relations
  • patient-centered care
  • advertising
  • antidepressive agents
  • physician’s practice patterns
  • prescriptions, drug
  • adjustment disorders
  • depression
  • family practice
  • mass media
  • patients
  • primary care
  • quality of health care
  • standardized patients
  • Received for publication December 2, 2005.
  • Revision received April 25, 2006.
  • Accepted for publication May 22, 2006.
  • © 2007 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
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The Annals of Family Medicine: 5 (1)
The Annals of Family Medicine: 5 (1)
Vol. 5, Issue 1
1 Jan 2007
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Exploring and Validating Patient Concerns: Relation to Prescribing for Depression
Ronald M. Epstein, Cleveland G. Shields, Peter Franks, Sean C. Meldrum, Mitchell Feldman, Richard L. Kravitz
The Annals of Family Medicine Jan 2007, 5 (1) 21-28; DOI: 10.1370/afm.621

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Exploring and Validating Patient Concerns: Relation to Prescribing for Depression
Ronald M. Epstein, Cleveland G. Shields, Peter Franks, Sean C. Meldrum, Mitchell Feldman, Richard L. Kravitz
The Annals of Family Medicine Jan 2007, 5 (1) 21-28; DOI: 10.1370/afm.621
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