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Research ArticleOriginal ResearchA

Point-of-Care C-Reactive Protein Testing and Antibiotic Prescribing for Respiratory Tract Infections: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jochen W. L. Cals, Marjolein J. C. Schot, Sanne A. M. de Jong, Geert-Jan Dinant and Rogier M. Hopstaken
The Annals of Family Medicine March 2010, 8 (2) 124-133; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1090
Jochen W. L. Cals
MD, PhD
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Marjolein J. C. Schot
MD, MSc
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Sanne A. M. de Jong
MD, MSc
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Geert-Jan Dinant
MD, PhD
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Rogier M. Hopstaken
MD, PhD
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Abstract

PURPOSE Antibiotics are only beneficial for subgroups of patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and rhinosinusitis in family practice, yet overprescribing for these conditions is common. C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care testing and delayed prescribing are useful strategies to reduce antibiotic prescribing, but both have limitations. We evaluated the effect of CRP assistance in antibiotic prescribing strategies—including delayed prescribing—in the management of LRTI and rhinosinusitis.

METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial in which 258 patients were enrolled (107 LRTI and 151 rhinosinusitis) by 32 family physicians. Patients were individually randomized to CRP assistance or routine care (control). Primary outcome was antibiotic use after the index consultation. Secondary outcomes included antibiotic use during the 28-day follow-up, patient satisfaction, and clinical recovery.

RESULTS Patients in the CRP-assisted group used fewer antibiotics (43.4%) than control patients (56.6%) after the index consultation (relative risk [RR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–0.98). This difference remained significant during follow-up (52.7% vs 65.1%; RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62–0.99). Delayed prescriptions in the CRP-assisted group were filled only in a minority of cases (23% vs 72% in control group, P <.001). Recovery was similar across groups. Satisfaction with care was higher in patients managed with CRP assistance (P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS CRP point-of-care testing to assist in prescribing decisions, including delayed prescribing, for LRTI and rhinosinusitis may be a useful strategy to decrease antibiotic use and increase patient satisfaction without compromising patient recovery.

  • Respiratory tract infection
  • C-reactive protein
  • family practice

Annals Journal Club selection—see inside back cover or http://www.annfammed.org/AJC/.

  • Received for publication April 28, 2009.
  • Revision received October 2, 2009.
  • Accepted for publication October 23, 2009.
  • © 2010 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
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The Annals of Family Medicine: 8 (2)
The Annals of Family Medicine: 8 (2)
Vol. 8, Issue 2
1 Mar 2010
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Point-of-Care C-Reactive Protein Testing and Antibiotic Prescribing for Respiratory Tract Infections: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jochen W. L. Cals, Marjolein J. C. Schot, Sanne A. M. de Jong, Geert-Jan Dinant, Rogier M. Hopstaken
The Annals of Family Medicine Mar 2010, 8 (2) 124-133; DOI: 10.1370/afm.1090

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Point-of-Care C-Reactive Protein Testing and Antibiotic Prescribing for Respiratory Tract Infections: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jochen W. L. Cals, Marjolein J. C. Schot, Sanne A. M. de Jong, Geert-Jan Dinant, Rogier M. Hopstaken
The Annals of Family Medicine Mar 2010, 8 (2) 124-133; DOI: 10.1370/afm.1090
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