Patient-Provider Racial and Ethnic Concordance and Parent Reports of the Primary Care Experiences of Children

Gregory D. Stevens; Leiyu Shi; Lisa A. Cooper

doi:10.1370/afm.27

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Table 1.

Characteristics of the Sample by Patient- Provider Racial and Ethnic Concordance (N = 358)

Variable	Percent in Concordant Relationship n = 106	Percent in Discordant Relationship n = 252
Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% across rows, because they are the percentage of persons in concordant or discordant relationships with the particular characteristic.
* P < .001 for the difference across concordant and discordant relationships.
† P < .01 for the difference across concordant and discordant relationships.
Race and ethnicity
African American*	5.7	34.9
Asian and Pacific Islander*	56.6	11.1
Latino*	11.3	28.6
White	26.4	25.4
Demographics
Age 9–11 years (vs 5–8 years)	42.5	44.1
Female	51.9	44.8
Excellent, very good health (vs good, fair, poor)	84.0	81.8
Public insurance coverage	7.6	10.7
Uninsured	4.7	7.1
Socioeconomic status
Family Income (> $36,000)	82.1	75.8
Employment (employed)	61.3	67.9
Education (> high school)^†	84.9	69.8
Health system factors
Pediatrician (vs family practice)	41.5	38.9
Co-payments (vs none)	77.4	71.0

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Table 2.

Bivariate Patient-Provider Racial Concordance and Primary Care Experience by the Total Sample, Minority Status, and Racial and Ethnic Groups Separately (N = 358).

Primary Care Experience	Concordant Mean (SD)	Discordant Mean (SD)	Δ
* P < .01 for the difference in mean score for each racial or ethnic group compared to white across concordant and then discordant groups (eg, comparing accessibility scores for Asians in concordant relationships with whites in concordant relationships).
† P < .05 for the difference in mean score for each racial or ethnic group compared to white across concordant and then discordant groups (eg, comparing accessibility scores for Asians in concordant relationships with whites in concordant relationships).
‡ P < .05 for the difference between racially concordant and discordant patient-provider relationships, within each racial and ethnic group.
Total (n = 358)	n = 106	n = 252
Accessibility	71.2 (12.4)	73.6 (12.4)	−2.4
Utilization	70.5 (35.0)	64.5 (36.2)	6.0
Relationship	88.0 (21.9)	83.9 (24.1)	4.1
Services available	85.9 (10.8)	86.2 (10.9)	−0.3
Services received	82.5 (13.4)	83.8 (12.4)	−1.3
Total score	70.7 (23.5)	70.0 (25.0)	0.7
Minority (n = 266)	n = 78	n = 188
Accessibility	70.9 (12.4)	73.4 (12.5)	−2.5
Utilization	65.1 (36.1)*	62.2 (36.7)	2.9
Relationship	86.5 (22.3)	81.8 (25.1)*	5.3
Services available	85.1 (10.6)	84.9 (11.1)^†	0.2
Services received	80.6 (14.5)*	83.2 (12.7)	−2.6
Total score	67.9 (24.3)^†	68.8 (25.4)	−0.9
Asian and Pacific Islander (n = 88)	n = 60	n = 28
Accessibility	69.7 (12.9)	71.5 (13.6)	−1.8
Utilization	65.8 (34.7)	57.1 (35.3)	8.7
Relationship	87.9 (21.3)	81.3 (24.2)	6.6
Services available	84.6 (11.0)	84.5 (10.2)	0.1
Services received	78.6 (14.6)*	77.7 (16.2)^†	0.9
Total score	65.4 (24.5)	67.9 (27.0)	−2.5
African American (n = 94)	n = 6	n = 88
Accessibility	77.1 (5.5)	74.5 (12.4)	2.6
Utilization	62.5 (37.9)	61.1 (37.3)	1.4
Relationship	91.7 (20.4)	82.6 (24.4)	9.1
Services available	85.1 (13.3)	84.9 (10.5)^†	0.2
Services received	92.0 (8.8)	84.9 (11.7)	7.1
Total score	79.2 (28.7)	67.5 (26.2)	11.7
Latino (n = 84)	n = 12	n = 72
Accessibility	73.8 (11.6)	72.7 (12.1)	1.1
Utilization	62.5 (44.6)	65.6 (36.7)	−3.1
Relationship	77.1 (27.1)	80.6 (26.6)	−3.5
Services available	87.2 (7.6)	85.2 (12.1)	2.0
Services received	84.7 (13.5)	83.2 (12.0)	1.5
Total score	75.0 (19.2)	70.8 (24.1)	4.2
White (n = 92)	n = 28	n = 64
Accessibility	72.3 (12.4)	74.2 (12.3)	1.9
Utilization	85.7 (26.7)	71.1 (34.0)	14.6^‡
Relationship	92.0 (20.5)	90.2 (19.7)	1.8
Services available	88.3 (11.2)	90.0 (9.8)	−1.7
Services received	88.1 (7.8)	85.4 (11.4)	2.7
Total score	78.4 (19.8)	73.6 (23.6)	4.8

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Table 3.

Adjusted Patient-Provider Racial Concordance and Primary Care Experience by the Total Sample, Minority Status, and Racial and Ethnic Groups Separately (N = 358).

Primary Care Experience	Concordant Mean (SD)	Discordant Mean (SD)	Δ
* P < .01 for the difference in mean score for each racial or ethnic group compared to white across concordant and then discordant groups (eg, comparing accessibility scores for Asians in concordant relationships with whites in concordant relationships).
† P < .05 for the difference in mean score for each racial or ethnic group compared to white across concordant and then discordant groups (eg, comparing accessibility scores for Asians in concordant relationships with whites in concordant relationships).
Total (n = 358)	n = 106	n = 252
Accessibility	71.2 (1.2)	73.5 (0.8)	−2.3
Utilization	70.2 (3.4)	64.6 (2.2)	5.6
Affiliation	87.7 (2.3)	84.0 (1.5)	3.7
Relationship	85.9 (1.0)	86.3 (0.7)	−0.4
Services available	82.4 (1.2)	83.8 (0.8)	−1.4
Services received	70.5 (2.3)	70.1 (1.5)	0.4
Total score	78.0 (1.2)	77.1 (0.8)	0.9
Minority (n = 266)	n = 78	n = 188
Accessibility	70.9 (1.4)	73.3 (0.9)	−2.4
Utilization	65.0 (4.1)*	62.2 (2.6)	2.8
Affiliation	86.4 (2.8)	81.8 (1.8)^†	4.6
Relationship	85.1 (1.2)	84.9 (0.8)*	0.2
Services available	80.5 (1.5)	83.2 (1.0)	−2.7
Services received	68.1 (2.8)	68.7 (1.8)	−0.6
Total score	76.0 (1.4)^†	75.7 (0.9)*	0.3
Asian and Pacific Islander (n = 88)	n = 60	n = 28
Accessibility	69.5 (1.7)	71.9 (2.5)	−2.4
Utilization	66.2 (4.6)	56.3 (6.7)	9.9
Affiliation	87.8 (2.9)	81.6 (4.3)	6.2
Relationship	84.7 (1.3)	84.4 (1.9)^†	0.3
Services available	78.4 (1.9)*	78.0 (2.8)^†	0.4
Services received	64.8 (3.2)	69.2 (4.7)	−4.4
Total score	75.2 (1.6)	73.6 (2.4)	1.6
African American (n = 94)	n = 6	n = 88
Accessibility	76.3 (5.0)	74.6 (1.3)	1.7
Utilization	61.3 (15.3)	61.1 (4.0)	0.2
Affiliation	91.2 (9.9)	83.0 (2.6)	8.2
Relationship	84.2 (4.4)	84.9 (1.1)	0.7
Services available	91.6 (4.6)	84.9 (1.2)	6.7
Services received	74.7 (10.6)	67.8 (2.7)	6.9
Total score	79.9 (5.1)	76.1 (1.3)	3.8
Latino (n = 84)	n = 12	n = 72
Accessibility	74.4 (3.7)	72.6 (1.4)	1.8
Utilization	66.9 (10.7)	64.9 (4.2)	2.0
Affiliation	77.5 (8.0)	80.5 (3.1)	−3.0
Relationship	89.8 (3.2)	84.8 (1.3)	5.0
Services available	86.7 (3.7)	82.9 (1.4)	3.8
Services received	80.2 (6.7)	70.0 (2.6)	9.8
Total score	76.0 (1.4)	75.7 (0.9)	0.3
White (n = 92)	n = 28	n = 64
Accessibility	72.7 (2.3)	74.0 (1.5)	−1.3
Utilization	84.8 (6.2)	71.5 (4.0)	13.3
Affiliation	91.2 (3.8)	90.6 (2.5)	0.6
Relationship	88.3 (1.8)	90.0 (1.2)	−1.7
Services available	88.7 (2.0)	85.2 (1.3)	3.5
Services received	77.9 (4.3)	73.8 (2.8)	4.1
Total score	83.9 (2.2)	80.9 (1.4)	3.0