Article Figures & Data
Tables
Questions Prompts Main question Can you remember how you felt when you were admitted to hospital with stroke? Fear?
What did you think was going on?
Did you consider you were having a stroke?
What is a “having a turn?” to you?
How did it impact on you seeking medical help?
Did you think it was serious?What was your biggest hope at that time? Relationship changes Have you experienced any changes in your relationships with: Did you still want the same things from people? Did you want more? Family Have you maintained the same friends? Friends What was your experience with regards to resuming any sexual relationships? Strangers Adjustment Would you say you have adjusted to having had a stroke? How would you describe your quality of life?
How do you feel on average, eg, happy, sad, adjusted to the stroke, accepted the stroke?
What is hardest?
Can you identify anything that would help?Motivation What keeps you going?
What gives you a reason to keep going?
Independence? Why?How do you feel about your: Your current level of social activity?
Your current ability to look after yourself?
You current ability to do the things you enjoy?Anxiety Does worry affect you?
How does it impact you?
Do you think you worry more now?Mood How do you feel about the future?
Have you lost interest in things?
Does anything cheer you up?
Are you happy sometimes? When?Self image Has your view of yourself changed? Independence What gives you feelings of independence?
What does freedom mean to you?
How does being more independent make you feel?What does the future look like for you? Are there things you would like to do?
What things, people, activities are important to you?- Table 2
Participants’ Trajectory Status, Demographic Characteristics, and Stroke Subtype Classification at Study Entry
Participant Trajectory Sex Age, y Marital Status Country of Origin Oxfordshire Classification 2 Resilient M 84 Married Australia Lacunar infarct 6 Resilient M 94 Widowed Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 9 Resilient M 78 Married Australia Posterior circulation infarction 10 Resilient M 76 Lives with partner Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 19 Resilient M 56 Single Australia Lacunar infarction 1 Ongoing F 50 Single Australia Posterior circulation infarction 5 Ongoing M 59 Widowed Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 12 Ongoing F 37 Single Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 17 Ongoing F 52 Married Australia Posterior circulation infarction 20 Ongoing M 65 Divorced Australia Lacunar infarction 7 Emergent M 65 Married Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 13 Emergent M 87 Married Czechoslovakia Partial anterior circulation infarction 14 Emergent F 82 Widowed Germany Total anterior circulation infarction 3 Recovered F 69 Married Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 4 Recovered M 70 Lives with partner Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 8 Recovered F 62 Married Australia Posterior circulation infarction 11 Recovered F 62 Single Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 15 Recovered F 93 Widowed Australia Posterior circulation infarction 16 Recovered F 77 Widowed Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 18 Recovered M 79 Married Australia Partial anterior circulation infarction 21 Recovered F 76 Married Italy Partial anterior circulation infarction 22 Recovered M 72 Married Austria Partial anterior circulation infarction 23 Recovered M 62 Married Australia Lacunar infarction -
F=female; M=male.
-
- Table 3
Participants’ Trajectory Status, Disability Status, and Quantitative Mood Scores at Study Interview Points
Participant Trajectory mRSa at Baseline mRSa at 12 Months (unless specified) K10 at Baselines K10 at 3 Months K10 at 6 Months K10 at 9 Months K10 at 12 Months 2 Resilient 3 D 0 I Well Well – Mild Mild 6 Resilient 4 D 3 D Well Well Well Well Well 9 Resilient 4 D 4 D Well Well Well Well Well 10 Resilient 1 I 1 I Well Well Well Well Well 19 Resilient 3 D 1 I Well Well Well Well Well 1 Crisis 4 D 0 I Well Well Well Well Well 5 Crisis 1 I 0 I Moderate Moderate – Moderate Mild 12 Crisis 4 D 1 I Well Well Well Well Well 17 Crisis 3 D 0 I Well Well Well Well Well 20 Crisis 4 D 1 I Well Moderate Severe Severe Severe 7 Emergent 4 D 0 I – Well Mild Severe Moderate 13 Emergent 4 D 3 D Well Mild Mild – – 14 Emergent 3 D 5 D Severe Severe – – – 3 Recovered 3 D 1 I Moderate Severe – Mild Mild 4 Recovered 2 I 0 I Moderate Severe Moderate Mild Mild 8 Recovered 2 I 1 I Well Well Well Well Well 11 Recovered 4 D 0 I Well Well Well Well Well 15 Recovered 4 D 4 D Moderate Moderate Mild Moderate Well 16 Recovered 1 I 0 I Well Well Well Well Well 18 Recovered 4 D 3 D Severe Severe Severe Severe Moderate 21 Recovered 4 D 4 D Severe Severe Severe Moderate Well 22 Recovered 3 D 1 I Well Well Well Well Well 23 Recovered 4 D 3 D Severe Severe Severe Mild Well -
D=dependent; I=independent; K10=Kessler-10; mRS=Modified Rankin Scale.
-
Notes: mRS categorization as follows: I = independent’ (mRS ≤2); D = dependent’ (mRS ≥3 and ≤5); K10 scoring28: well equates to “likely to be well” = 10–19; mild equates to ‘”likely to have a mild disorder” = 20–24; moderate equates to “likely to have a moderate mental disorder” = 25–29; severe equates to “likely to have a severe mental disorder” = 30–50).28
-
Additional Files
The Article in Brief
Jennifer H. White , and colleagues
Background Most stroke survivors receive ongoing care in the community after discharge from a secondary or tertiary health care setting. This study explores common disease paths or patterns of psychological distress and recovery in the 12 months after a stroke.
What This Study Found Based on interviews with 23 recent stroke victims, researchers identify 4 distinct trajectories--resilience, ongoing mood disturbance, emergent mood disturbance, and recovery from mood disturbance. Recovery from mood disturbance is facilitated by gains in independence and self-esteem and by having an internal health locus of control.
Implications
- Identifying distinct trajectories of psychological morbidity may help primary care physicians develop appropriately timed methods for promoting better mental health among stroke patients.
