DiscussionSpecial Reports
Improving Equity Through Primary Care: Proceedings of the 2019 Toronto International Conference on Quality in Primary Care
Braden O’Neill, Robert Ferrer, Patricia O’Brien, Graham Watt, Laura Gottlieb, Andrew Pinto, Sara Willems, Jody Currie, Dawnmarie Harriott, Jonathan Leitch, Alexander Zsager, Michael Kidd and Tara Kiran
The Annals of Family Medicine July 2020, 18 (4) 364-369; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2560
Braden O’Neill
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
MD, DPhil, CCFPRobert Ferrer
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
MD, MPHPatricia O’Brien
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
RN, MScCHGraham Watt
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
MDLaura Gottlieb
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
MD, MPHAndrew Pinto
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
MD, MSc, CCFPSara Willems
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
MPH, PhD, MHSJody Currie
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
Dawnmarie Harriott
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
Jonathan Leitch
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
MPH & TMAlexander Zsager
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
Michael Kidd
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
MDTara Kiran
Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O’Neill, O’Brien, Kidd, Kiran); Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); UT Health School of Public Health, San Antonio, Texas (Ferrer); General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Watt); Department of Family and Community Medicine and Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN), University of California, San Francisco, California (Gottlieb); Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insti tute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Pinto, Kiran); Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Community Health Centre Watersportbaan, Gent, Belgium (Willems); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Currie, Leitch); Hearing Australia, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (Currie); University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (Leitch); Provincial Patient Family Advisory Council, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Inner City Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Canadian and Toronto Alliance to End Homelessness, Totonto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Homeless Connect Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Zsager); Coordinator, Voices from the Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Harriott); Principal Medical Advisor & Deputy Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Australia, Woden, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Kidd); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Family Medicine and Primary Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kidd, Kiran, O’Brien, O’Neill, Pinto); Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Kidd); Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (Kidd); Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Kiran)
MD, MSc, CCFP
Article Figures & Data
Tables
Awareness Julian Tudor Hart’s understanding of social deprivation among his patients (Graham Watt) Adjustment Use of equity-informed language such as resilient rather than vulnerable in clinical care (Dawnmarie Harriott) Assistance Enhancing access to cooking education and food through the Deadly Choices program (Jody Currie and Jonathan Leitch) Alignment Breaking down silos between different social service organizations (Alex Zsager) Advocacy Encouraging resource allocation toward improved government-subsidized housing (Sara Willems) 5 A’s = awareness, adjustment, assistance, alignment, advocacy.
- Table 2
Summary of Pre-Conference Responses to: “What Would You Change to Address the Social Determinants of Health and Promote Health Equity?” (N = 39)
82% recommended enhancing universal health care (eg, universal health insurance, a pharmacare program, or broadening access to mental health services and team-based care) 36% advocated for local or national policy decisions to be made differently in order to promote equity (eg, transportation, taxes) 20% suggested addressing social determinants of health directly through the health system 20% identified the importance of improving sociodemographic data for clinical, research, and policy purposes 15% recommended a universal basic income - Table 3
One Action You Can Take to Enhance Equity Through Primary Care in Your Own Setting
Proactively identify patients who may benefit from additional care (such as those who have recently missed appointments) and call them to offer an appointment Identify patients who need more time and flag them in chart so front office staff knows to give them longer appointments Take residents and medical students on a tour of social services that are relevant for a patient they have seen. Allow them to connect with social services and build partnerships between the medical team and the community Start tracking methods and numbers of patients who receive care in non-clinic settings—go to where the people who need care and can’t access it are Identify services that patients are using outside of the clinic and ensure that they are able to access these easily and that we have information about these services Lead an education session for staff on promoting health equity in primary care
In this issue
Improving Equity Through Primary Care: Proceedings of the 2019 Toronto International Conference on Quality in Primary Care
Braden O’Neill, Robert Ferrer, Patricia O’Brien, Graham Watt, Laura Gottlieb, Andrew Pinto, Sara Willems, Jody Currie, Dawnmarie Harriott, Jonathan Leitch, Alexander Zsager, Michael Kidd, Tara Kiran
The Annals of Family Medicine Jul 2020, 18 (4) 364-369; DOI: 10.1370/afm.2560
Improving Equity Through Primary Care: Proceedings of the 2019 Toronto International Conference on Quality in Primary Care
Braden O’Neill, Robert Ferrer, Patricia O’Brien, Graham Watt, Laura Gottlieb, Andrew Pinto, Sara Willems, Jody Currie, Dawnmarie Harriott, Jonathan Leitch, Alexander Zsager, Michael Kidd, Tara Kiran
The Annals of Family Medicine Jul 2020, 18 (4) 364-369; DOI: 10.1370/afm.2560
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