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Research ArticleSystematic Review

Psychologic Treatment of Depression Compared With Pharmacotherapy and Combined Treatment in Primary Care: A Network Meta-Analysis

Pim Cuijpers, Matthijs Oud, Eirini Karyotaki, Hisashi Noma, Soledad Quero, Andrea Cipriani, Bruce Arroll and Toshi A. Furukawa
The Annals of Family Medicine May 2021, 19 (3) 262-270; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2676
Pim Cuijpers
Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.C., E.K.);
PhD
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  • For correspondence: p.cuijpers@vu.nl
Matthijs Oud
Department of Treatment, Care and Reintegration, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.O.);
MA
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Eirini Karyotaki
Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands (P.C., E.K.);
PhD
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Hisashi Noma
Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan (H.N.);
PhD
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Soledad Quero
Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain (S.Q.);
CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain (S.Q.);
PhD
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Andrea Cipriani
Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.C.);
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.C.);
MD, PhD
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Bruce Arroll
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (B.A.);
PhD
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Toshi A. Furukawa
Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan (T.A.F.)
MD, PhD
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  • RE: Response to the eletter from Dr. Epling
    Pim Cuijpers
    Published on: 18 June 2021
  • RE: Search strategy clarification
    John W Epling
    Published on: 15 June 2021
  • Published on: (18 June 2021)
    Page navigation anchor for RE: Response to the eletter from Dr. Epling
    RE: Response to the eletter from Dr. Epling
    • Pim Cuijpers, professor, Vrije Universiteit

    Thank you for this important question. The focus of our paper was to examine the relative effects of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and combined treatments of depression in primary care. Our searches were indeed aimed at identifying studies on psychotherapy, but that included the most relevant comparisons (psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy versus combined treatment and pharmacotherapy versus combined treatment), because they all include a psychotherapy arm. You are right that we have not included trials comparing pharmacotherapy versus placebo, and this may have indeed had an influence on the overall outcomes, although we believe that this would not substantially change the main outcomes.

    Competing Interests: None declared.
  • Published on: (15 June 2021)
    Page navigation anchor for RE: Search strategy clarification
    RE: Search strategy clarification
    • John W Epling, Family Physician, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and the Carilion Clinic

    Thank you for this study. Your search strategy, as you describe for both the database and the strategy for this paper, is limited to articles which contain the (index and text) words 'psychotherapy' and 'depression' (and then further limited by study design as you note). Given that the main thrust of this paper is to compare psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, would this have the effect of excluding "pharmacotherapy only" trials (to the extent that there are any), and thus reduce the amount of evidence on pharmacotherapy's effect in the NMA?

    Competing Interests: None declared.
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The Annals of Family Medicine: 19 (3)
The Annals of Family Medicine: 19 (3)
Vol. 19, Issue 3
1 May 2021
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Psychologic Treatment of Depression Compared With Pharmacotherapy and Combined Treatment in Primary Care: A Network Meta-Analysis
Pim Cuijpers, Matthijs Oud, Eirini Karyotaki, Hisashi Noma, Soledad Quero, Andrea Cipriani, Bruce Arroll, Toshi A. Furukawa
The Annals of Family Medicine May 2021, 19 (3) 262-270; DOI: 10.1370/afm.2676

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Psychologic Treatment of Depression Compared With Pharmacotherapy and Combined Treatment in Primary Care: A Network Meta-Analysis
Pim Cuijpers, Matthijs Oud, Eirini Karyotaki, Hisashi Noma, Soledad Quero, Andrea Cipriani, Bruce Arroll, Toshi A. Furukawa
The Annals of Family Medicine May 2021, 19 (3) 262-270; DOI: 10.1370/afm.2676
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