Article Figures & Data
Tables
Hospital Characteristic Excluded Hospitals (%) Included Hospitals (%) * P <.001. Type of hospital General short term 82.9 98.6* General long term 2.0 0.7 Cancer 1.3 0.1 Psychiatric 5.9 0.1 Rehabilitation 3.9 0 Childrens’ 4.0 0 Referral center 6.6 5.7 Medicare-dependent hospital? 1.3 1.4 Type of hospital control* Nonprofit 77.4 68.2 For profit 8.0 16.3 Government 14.6 15.5 Total hospital beds, mean No.* 262.1 (SD 192.2) 327.5 (SD 209.7) Hospital Type COTH Non-COTH Total COTH = Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems. Family practice single-residency hospital 4 104 108 Multiple-residency hospital 188 417 605 Total 192 521 713 Financial Characteristic COTH (n = 192) Non-COTH (n = 521) Family Practice Single Residency (n = 108) Multiple Residency (n = 605) All Hospitals (n = 713) COTH = Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems. 1996 total margin, % 4.5 5.5 6.2 5.0 5.2 1998 total margin, % 2.8 2.9 4.7 2.5 2.9 1999 total margin, % 2.1 2.6 4.9 2.1 2.5 1996 vs 1999 total profit margin difference, % (relative change %) −2.4 (−53.3) 2.9 (−52.7) −1.3 (−21.0) −2.9 (−58.0) −2.72 1996 hospitals with negative total margins, % 30 (15.6) 89 (17.l) 12 (11.1) 107 (17.7) 119 (16.7) 1998 hospitals with negative total margins, % 58 (30.2) 158 (30.3) 23 (21.3) 193 (31.9) 216 (30.3) 1999 hospitals with negative total margins, % 67 (34.9) 181 (34.7) 30 (27.8) 218 (36.0) 248 (34.8) Financial reserves, mean $ 30,025,524 17,882,667 24,913,424 20,480,330 21,151,822 Financial Characteristic COTH (n = 192) Non-COTH (n = 521) Family Practice Single Residency (n = 108) Multiple Residency (n = 605) All Hospitals (n = 713) COTH = Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems, GME = graduate medical education, PPS = prospective payment system. Medicare margin, % 1996, mean (median) 7.4 (11.1) 14.6 (20.4) 18.9 (20.3) 11.8 (18.6) 12.9 (18.9) 1998, mean (median) 8.6 (13.1) 16.5 (21.6) 20.2 (21.7) 13.3 (18.9) 14.3 (19.7) 1999, mean (median) 8.2 (13.0) 17.7 (23.1) 16.3 (17.9) 10.7 (15.9) 11.5 (16.2) GME margin, % 1996, mean (median) −27.8 (−1.7) −76.4 (−5.7) −58.7 (−15.3) −64.0 (−2.8) −63.2 (−4.0) 1998, mean (median) −55.7 (−19.0) −101.3 (−24.4) −60.8 (−28.0) −93.8 (−20.3) −88.8 (−21.6) 1999, mean (median) −55.3 (−19.2) −118.2 (−24.1) −84.5 (−30.5) −103.9 (−21.8) −100.9 (−23.8) GME margin, dollar adjusted, % 1996 −9.8 −19.8 −14.5 −12.4 −13 1998 −31.2 −38.3 −33.1 −33.1 −33 1999 −31.9 −44.7 −38.5 −35.2 −35 PPS margin, % 1996, mean (median) 16.8 (17.4) 20.3 (20.2) 20.1 (20.1) 19.2 (20.1) 19.4 (19.2) 1998, mean (median) 23.8 (23.8) 25.8 (25.9) 25.2 (25.1) 25.3 (25.2) 25.3 (25.2) 1999, mean (median) 23.7 (24.3) 25.1 (25.2) 24.3 (23.9) 24.8 (24.8) 24.7 (24.8) PPS margin, dollar adjusted, % 1996 15.0 19.4 19.8 17.2 17.5 1998 22.5 25.1 25.2 23.8 24.0 1999 22.3 24.2 23.7 23.5 23.5 - Table 5.
Mean Graduate Medical Education Payments and Education Costs by Cohort for 1996, 1998, and 1999 (Dollars)
Payments and Costs by Year COTH (n = 192) Non-COTH (n = 521) Family Practice Single Residency (n = 108) Multiple Residency (n = 605) All Hospitals (n = 713) COTH = Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems. Indirect medical education, $ 1996 13,691,133 1,755,634 1,249,026 5,633,865 3,543,382,898 1998 12,060,494 1,557,235 1,126,552 4,967,382 3,126,934,074 1999 12,110,166 1,517,857 1,137,392 4,947,301 3,115,955,490 Change (%) −1,580,967 (−11.5) −237,777 (−13.5) −111,634 (−8.9) −686,564 (−12.2) −12.1 Direct medical education, $ 1996 5,461,634 823,278 647,633 2,326,640 1,477,561,405− 1998 5,505,803 873,858 701,156 2,374,660 1,512,394,341 1999 5,690,298 888,583 691,915 2,447,540 1,555,488,746 Change (%) 228,664 (4.2) 65,305 (7.9) −44,282 (−6.8) 120,900 (5.2) 5.3 Education costs, $ 1996 21,035,967 3,089,953 2,171,425 8,949,186 5,648,771,242 1998 23,043,238 3,361,482 2,455,411 9,773,266 6,175,634,084 1999 23,482,602 3,482,820 2,532,887 9,999,433 6,323,208,632 Change (%) 2,446,635 (11.6) 392,867 (12.7) 361,462 (16.6) 1,050,247 (11.7) 11.9 Managed Medicare GME Payment Hospital Type 1998 Total Payments to All Hospitals $ (Mean $) 1999 Total Payments to All Hospitals $ (Mean $) GME = general medical education, COTH = Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems. COTH (n = 192) 22,515,903 (117,270) 50,635,504 (263,727) Non-COTH (n = 521) 8,703,370 (16,705) 18,661,695 (35,819) Family practice single residency (n = 108) 1,491,959 (13,814) 3,219,338 (29,809) Multiple residency(n = 605) 29,727,314 (49,136) 66,077,861 (109,220) Resident FTE COTH (n = 192) Non-COTH (n = 521) Family Practice Single Residency (n = 108) Multiple Residency (n = 605) Primary care FTE 1996 92.6 18.4 17.4 42.1 1998 94.9 20.0 19.1 43.9 1999 93.7 19.3 18.5 43.0 Relative change1996 vs 1999 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 Other FTE 1996 115.8 9.1 1.9 44.2 1998 116.5 10.1 2.1 45.3 1999 112.8 8.7 1.8 43.0 Change 1996–1999 −3 −0.4 −0.1 −1.2
Additional Files
Supplemental Appendix. Variables from Hospital Cost Reports and Formulas Used for Calculations
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Supplemental Appendix - PDF file, 2 pages, 1.71 MB.
